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上海士鋒生物:宿主特異性微生物叢引發(fā)免疫系統(tǒng)成熟
最近更新時(shí)間:2013-7-3
提 供 商:上海士鋒生物科技有限公司資料大?。?/span>12.9KB
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腸道微生物誘導(dǎo)宿主的免疫系統(tǒng)成熟,充分體現(xiàn)了宿主 - 微生物共生關(guān)系。研究者移植小鼠微生物叢(MMB)或人類微生物叢(HMB)到無微生物(GF)小鼠小腸中,以確定是否小腸免疫成熟取決于宿主特異性的微生物共同進(jìn)化。
研究顯示,腸道細(xì)菌的數(shù)量和細(xì)菌分類門 (phylum)的豐度在MMB和HMB小鼠小腸中是類似的,但細(xì)菌種類不同,尤其是厚壁菌門細(xì)菌的含量不同。 HMB小鼠腸道有低水平的CD4 +和CD8 + T細(xì)胞;增殖T細(xì)胞和樹突狀細(xì)胞也很少;同時(shí),抗菌肽的表達(dá)也比較低。這些都是類似于GF小鼠的特點(diǎn)。
大鼠的微生物叢也未能充分?jǐn)U大小鼠腸道T細(xì)胞的數(shù)量。給GF或HMB小鼠移植小鼠分段絲狀菌(SFB)可部分恢復(fù)T細(xì)胞數(shù)量。這表明SFB和其他MMB微生物是誘導(dǎo)小鼠免疫功能充分成熟所必需的。重要的是,MMB比HMB能更好地保護(hù)小鼠免受沙門氏菌感染。可見,宿主特異性微生物叢,對于一個(gè)健康的免疫系統(tǒng)是何等地關(guān)鍵!
這項(xiàng)研究,也為防止濫用抗生素,維護(hù)正常腸道菌群帶來很大的啟發(fā)。
Gut Immune Maturation Depends on Colonization with a Host-Specific Microbiota
Gut microbial induction of host immune maturation exemplifies host-microbe mutualism. We colonized germ-free (GF) mice with mouse microbiota (MMb) or human microbiota (HMb) to determine whether small intestinal immune maturation depends on a coevolved host-specific microbiota. Gut bacterial numbers and phylum abundance were similar in MMb and HMb mice, but bacterial species differed, especially the Firmicutes. HMb mouse intestines had low levels of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, few proliferating T cells, few dendritic cells, and low antimicrobial peptide expression—all characteristics of GF mice. Rat microbiota also failed to fully expand intestinal T cell numbers in mice. Colonizing GF or HMb mice with mouse-segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) partially restored T cell numbers, suggesting that SFB and other MMb organisms are required for full immune maturation in mice. Importantly, MMb conferred better protection against Salmonella infection than HMb. A host-specific microbiota appears to be critical for a healthy immune system.