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Alpha - 2 - macroglobulin （A2M） is a large plasma protein that plays important roles in the body. It is a member of the protease inhibitor superfamily. A2M has a unique structure that allows it to trap and inhibit a wide range of proteases. It acts as a major regulator of the proteolytic balance in the extracellular environment. In addition to its protease - inhibiting function, A2M is also involved in immune modulation, cell signaling, and the transport of various substances. It can bind to cytokines, growth factors, and other molecules, influencing their activities. A2M levels can change in certain diseases, making it a potential biomarker for conditions like inflammation, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders.