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Ciliary neurotrophic factor （CNTF） is a pluripotent neurotrophic factor originally isolated from chick embryo ciliary neurons. CNTF has potent effects on the development and maintenance of the nervous system, inducing neuronal survival and differentiation by stimulating gene expression of sensory, sympathetic and motor neurons. Ciliary neurotrophic factor （CNTF） is the most extensively studied member of the cytokine family that signal through intracellular chains of the gp130/LIFRβ receptor. A large body of evidence demonstrates that CNTF promotes rod photoreceptor survival in almost all animal models. Recent studies indicate that CNTF also promotes cone photoreceptor survival and cone outer segment regeneration in the degenerating retina and improves cone function in dogs with congenital achromotopsia.