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Glial-Derived?Neurotrophic?Factor,?also?known?as?GDNF?and?ATF-1,?is?a?neurotrophic?factor?belonging?to?the?TGF-beta?family.?It?is?expressed?in?both?central?nervous?system?（CNS）?and?non-CNS?tissues.?GDNF?signals?through?a?receptor?system?composed?of?a?RET?and?one?of?the?four?GFR?alpha?receptors.?It?promotes?the?survival?and?differentiation?of?dopaminergic?neurons,?and?increases?their?highaffinity?dopamine?uptake.?In?a?mouse?Parkinson’s?Disease?model,?GDNF?has?been?shown?to?improve?bradykinesia,?rigidity,?and?postural?instability.?GDNF?has?also?been?shown?to?regulate?kidney?development,?spermatogenesis?and?affect?alcohol?consumption.